The dark purple berries of Sambucus nigra, rich in anthocyanins (cyanidin-3-glucoside) and flavonoids. Elderberry flavonoids bind to viral hemagglutinin and neuraminidase spikes, blocking viral entry and intracellular replication in host cells, while stimulating immune cytokines (IL-1beta, TNF-alpha) to accelerate recovery.
Educational information only — never stop or change a prescribed medication without talking to your prescriber first.
RAW UNCOOKED elderberries, leaves, and stems contain sambunigrin (a cyanogenic glycoside) that causes severe vomiting and diarrhea. ALWAYS consume thoroughly cooked, commercially prepared, or properly dried extracts.
Evidence level: Strong
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