The secondary tuberous roots of Harpagophytum procumbens from Southern Africa, rich in iridoid glycosides (chiefly harpagoside). Harpagoside suppresses COX-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1beta, TNF-alpha), providing powerful relief for osteoarthritis and spinal pain.
Educational information only — never stop or change a prescribed medication without talking to your prescriber first.
Stimulates gastric acid secretion; avoid in patients with active gastric or duodenal ulcers. May promote bile secretion; consult a doctor if gallstones are present. Contraindicated during pregnancy.
Evidence level: Strong
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